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APA 7 In-text and References Format
Multiple authors in APA in-text citations
Author type | Parenthetical | Narrative |
One author | (Potter, 2020) | Potter (2020) |
Two authors | (Potter & Malfoy, 2020) | Potter and Malfoy (2020) |
Three or more authors | (Potter et al., 2020) | Potter et al. (2020) |
Abbreviated group author
| (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2020) (CDC, 2020) | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2020) CDC (2020) |
Missing Information
Missing element | What to do | Parenthetical citation |
Author | Use the source title.* | (Source Title, 2020) |
Date | Write “n.d.” for “no date”. | (Smith, n.d.) |
Page number | Either use an alternative locator or | (Smith, 2020, Chapter 3) or |
References
Source | Reference Format | Example |
Books | Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Publisher Name. DOI (if available) | Stoneman, R. (2008). Alexander the Great: A life in legend. Yale University Press. |
Journal articles | Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), pages. https://doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyy | Baniya, S., & Weech, S. (2019). Data and experience design: Negotiating community-oriented digital research with service-learning. Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and International Engagement, 6(1), 11–16. https://doi.org/10.5703/1288284316979 |
Webpage | Lastname, F. M. (Year, Month Date). Title of page. Site name. URL | Price, D. (2018, March 23). Laziness does not exist. Medium. https://humanparts.medium.com/laziness-does-not-exist-3af27e312d01 |
Lecture notes or presentation | Lastname, F. M. (Year, Month Date). Title of presentation [Lecture notes, PowerPoint slides, etc]. Publisher. URL | Smith, C. (2017, October 13). AI and machine learning demystified [PowerPoint slides]. Moodle. https://www.moodle.net/carologic/ai-and-machine-learning-demystified-by-carol-smith-at-midwest-ux-2017 |
Movie | Director, D. D. (Director). (Date of publication). Title of motion picture [Film]. Production company. | Loyd, P. (Director). (2008). Mamma mia! [Film]. Universal Pictures. |
Video | Person or group who uploaded video. (Date of publication). Title of video [Video]. Website host. URL | Tasty. (2018, March 7). 7 recipes you can make in 5 minutes [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_5wHw6l11o |