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Learning Activity 4.4

For this learning activity, I decided to change articles and focus on Parris and Peachy’s (2013) article A Systematic Literature Review of Servant Leadership Theory in Organizational Contexts. I decided to focus on a different article than the one I chose for learning activities 4.2 and 4.3 because Sendjaya and Sarro’s article was not a empirical study on this topic.

  1. Is the study’s purpose clearly specified?
    Rating: 2/3
    Yes, the purpose is stated in the abstract and introduction (Parris & Peachy, 2013, p. 377). However, it took a little more reading into the methods and conclusion to really understand the entire purpose of this study.
  2. Is the focus of the study appropriate?
    Rating: 3/3
    The authors ask the questions “how does servant leadership work, and how can we apply it” (Parris & Peachy, 2013, p. 377). It is clearly stated and focused on servant leadership.
  3. Is the overall intent of the study appropriate?
    Rating: 3/3
    Yes, the overall intent of the study is appropriate. The authors explore what other experts and researchers have found on the topic of servant leadership and to see if there are universal themes or beliefs regarding this topic’s definition, methodology, and application (Parris & Peachy, 2013).
  4. Are the participants and the sites appropriate?
    Rating: 3/3
    Yes, the participants of this study were 39 empirical studies on servant leadership (Parris & Peachy, 2013, p. 381). The researchers went through many several screenings in order to narrow an excess for 380 articles down to 39 (Parris & Peachy, 2013, p. 381).
  5. Is the purpose of the study narrowed through appropriate research questions and/or hypotheses?
    Rating: 2/3
    The purpose of the study is quite broad. The researchers want to find universal definition for servant leadership and find overarching themes for methods and applications of servant leadership (Parris & Peachy, 2013).
  6. Does the purpose of the study follow logically from the statement of the problem and the literature review?
    Rating: 3/3
    Yes, the researchers are very thorough in stating the existing knowledge and addressing the problem with the current non-standardized approach to definitions and methods of servant leadership (Parris & Peachy, 2013). Parris and Peachy (2013) want to research whether there is a synonymous definition of servant leadership and how it is applied in practical settings.
  7. Is the purpose consistent with the study’s overall approach?
    Rating: 3/3
    Yes, the authors use systematic literature review to collect empirical data for a topic that currently has a lack of empirical research (Parris & Peachy, 2013). Parris and Peachy (2013) discuss previous knowledge on the topic and identify open and open-ended questions for research.

References

Parris, D.L. & Peachy, J.W. (2013). A Systematic Literature Review of Servant Leadership Theory in Organizational Contexts. Journal Of Business Ethics, (3), 377. doi:10.1007/s10551-012-1322-6

Sendjaya, S., & Sarros, J. C. (2002). Servant leadership: Its origin, development, and application in organizations. Journal of Leadership and Organization Studies, 9(2), 57-64.

Original assignment post found here. 

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Learning Activity 4.3

For this activity, I chose to focus on Sendjaya and Sarros’ (2002) article Servant leadership: Its origin, development, and application in organizations.

  1. Does the review include relevant literature?
    Rating: 3/3
    Yes, the article includes a variety of different sources. The article cites over 50 sources on the topic of servant leadership.
  2. Does the review examine sources that are recent and of high quality?
    Rating: 3/3
    Given the article was published in 2002, the sources that they used were recent at that time. The articles that the authors cited were all published in reputable, peer-reviewed journals or by reliable publishing houses. 

  3. Is the literature review documented properly?
    Rating: 3/3
    Yes, the article is properly cited using APA style.
  4. Is the literature thoughtfully synthesized?
    Rating: 3/3
    Yes, the authors used clear and appropriate titles for each section. The article is laid out well and flows nicely from one section to the next.

  5. Is the literature critically examined?
    Rating: 1/3
    The authors do not mention any limitations or weaknesses of the literature except that there is a need for empirical data in future research in this area. No recommendations for future research are made. 
  6. Does the study have a strong foundation in the literature?
    Rating: 3/3
    Yes, the authors draw strong connections between the literature and the article. 

  7. Does the literature fit the study’s overall approach?
    Rating: 3/3
    Since the article is a theoretical discussion, the literature research is the main content of the article. The literature is appropriate and on topic.

Original assignment post found here. 

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Learning Activity 4.2

For this activity, I chose to focus on Sendjaya and Sarros’ (2002) article Servant leadership: Its origin, development, and application in organizations.

  1. Is this topic interesting?
    Rating: 3
    Yes, the topic is interesting and written in a way that is easy to understand. Even without prior knowledge of the subject, readers can quickly engage and understand the material.
  2. Is there a meaningful problem?
    Rating: 2
    This article is a more of a theoretical discussion rather than a research paper. As such, there is no identified problem. However, the authors note that the purpose of this article is to present a “philosophical basis of servant leadership as conceptualized by Robert Greenleaf and represented by historical figures such as Jesus Christ” (Sendjaya & Sarros, 2002, p. 57). I think that this is is meaningful because understanding the origin of servant leadership helps researchers be able to better comprehend the topic and to be able to narrow down themes for further research.
  3. Is the importance of the problem justified?
    Rating: 2
    Yes, in the introduction, the authors state that there is a lack of empirical research studies (Sendjaya & Sarros, 2002, p. 57). In order to move ahead with further research, “an accurate understanding of the conceptual roots of servant leadership is essential”  (Sendjaya & Sarros, 2002, p. 57). The authors try to fill this gap by presenting an article that thoroughly discusses the origins of servant leadership and examples of it throughout history  (Sendjaya & Sarros, 2002). Sendjaya and Sarros (2002) also discuss current applications of servant leadership in organizations and suggest potential areas of study for future research (p. 62).
  4. Are there deficiencies in the knowledge about the problem?
    Rating: 1
    Since there is not a clear problem in this article, the authors do not clearly state deficiencies in the knowledge about servant leadership. Sendjaya and Sarros (2002) do briefly mention that there is a lack of empirical studies on this topic and that scarcity of research can be attributed to the oxymoron that is servant leadership (p. 58).
  5. Is an audience identified and are there specific examples of how the audience can use the missing knowledge?
    Rating: 2
    Yes, the authors state that being able to fully understand the concepts and background of servant leadership will make this topic more approachable for researchers  (Sendjaya & Sarros, 2002, p. 57). Being able to see how servant leadership has been walked out by historical figures such as Jesus will allow researchers to understand what this form of leadership looks like in practice  (Sendjaya & Sarros, 2002, p. 57).
  6. Does the passage clearly argue that the study is warranted?
    Rating: 1
    The authors briefly mention that a better understanding of servant leadership would open the door for more researchers to research servant leadership (Sendjaya & Sarros, 2002, p. 57).  However, beyond one sentence, there is no strong argument for the importance of this article.
  7. Is the passage well written?
    Rating: 3
    Yes, this article is well-written as it is engaging and easy to read. There is enough background information that even readers who are unfamiliar with the topic are able to follow along and learn.

References

Sendjaya, S., & Sarros, J. C. (2002). Servant leadership: Its origin, development, and application in organizations. Journal of Leadership and Organization Studies, 9(2), 57-64.

Original assignment post found here. 

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Learning Activity 4.1

Learning Activity 4.1

  • Why is servant leadership an interesting or worthwhile topic/phenomenon to research?
  • Why would this article interest researchers in the leadership field?
  • What is already known about servant leadership?

Servant leadership is a worthwhile topic to research because it is a paradox – “an approach to leadership that runs counter to common sense” (Northouse, 2016, p. 225). Without insightful research and thorough reflection, servant leadership should not exist. How can a leader lead effectively if he or she acts as a servant for others? Servant leadership is a relatively new phenomenon, originating from the writings of Greenleaf (as cited in Northouse, 2016, p. 225) in the 1970s and not until recently in the past ten years have more publications been made to help clarify servant leadership and substantiate its basic assumptions (Northouse, 2016, p. 225).

Sendjaya and Sarros’ (2002) article Servant leadership: Its origin, development, and application in organizations is helpful for researchers in the leadership field because it thoroughly describes the background and basis for servant leadership. The article also discusses the similarities and differences between servant leadership and it’s close counterpart, charismatic leadership (Sendjaya & Sarros, 2002, p. 61). Sendjaya and Sarros (2002, p. 62) also briefly discusses the application of servant leadership in organizations. A research who is in the early stages of researching servant leadership is able to understand a broad history of servant leadership and it’s practical applications after reading this article. The researcher may be able to narrow down a more specific and detailed research topic based on the information from Sendjaya and Sarro’s (2002) article.

One issue with Sendjaya and Sarro’s (2002) article is it was written over 16 years ago in 2002. Northouse (2016) states that prior to the last 10 years, “most of the academic and nonacademic writing on this topic has been prescriptive, focusing on how servant leadership should ideally be, rather than descriptive, focusing on what servant leadership actually is in practice” (p. 225). While Sendjaya and Sarro’s article is useful to understand the basis of servant leadership, a researcher should ideally be looking at more current research on this topic in order to know the current state of knowledge on servant leadership.

Servant leadership is a form of leadership where the leader places the well-being of the followers above all else (Northouse, 2016, p. 226). There are ten characteristics of a servant leader: listening, empathy, healing, awareness, persuasion, conceptualization, foresight, stewardship, commitment to the growth of people, and building community (Northouse, 2016, p. 227-229). Servant leadership focuses primarily on the behavior of leaders and how these actions promote each followers’ personal and professional growth (Northouse, 2016, p. 230).

References

Northouse, P. G. (2016). Leadership: Theory and Practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Servant Leadership: Its Origin, Development, and Application in Organizations. (2002). Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 9(2), 57-64.

Original assignment post found here. 

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Learning Activity 3.5

A direct quote less than 40 words with proper in-text citation

In this study, the authors found that “the use of metacognitive and help seeking strategies all had significant positive correlations with pre-class and in-class math achievements” (Sun, Zie, & Anderman, 2018, p. 47).

 

A direct quote more than 40 words with proper in-text citation

The authors had these suggestions for educational practice:

Based on these findings, we suggest that teachers should help students build their confidence of learning math and help them believe they are able to succeed in learning math. Bandura (1997) argued that experiencing success was one of the key sources of self-efficacy. For pre-class activities, teachers should select and structure the online lectures, learning tasks, and assignments in way that are suitable for the development of students’ mathematics reasoning so they experience small successes early in the course to help develop their confidence to learn advanced topics later in the course. (Sun et al, 2018, p. 49)

 

A sentence that refers to an idea from the article (paraphrased), and provide a proper in-text citationd

Sun et al. (2018) found that metacognitive learning strategies had the strongest positive impact on student achievement.

 

References

Sun, Z., Xie, K., & Anderman, L. H. (2018). The role of self-regulated learning in students’ success in flipped undergraduate math courses. Internet & Higher Education, 36, 41-53. doi:10.1016/j.iheduc.2017.09.003

Original assignment post found here. 

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Learning Activity 3.4

Journal Article

Güven, N. D., & Dede, Y. (2017). Examining Social and Sociomathematical Norms in Different Classroom Microcultures: Mathematics Teacher Education Perspective. Educational Sciences: Theory And Practice, 17(1), 265-292.

Book

Begle, E. G. (1970). Mathematics education. Chicago : NSSE : Distributed by the University of Chicago Press, 1970.

Government Report

Denham, E., & Avison, D. J. (2011). The Board of Education of School District No. 39 (Vancouver) [electronic resource]. [Victoria, B.C.] : Office of the Information & Privacy Commissioner for British Columbia, 2011.

Blog Post

Leong, R. (2018, January 18). Learning Activity 2.5 [Web log post]. Retrieved from https://create.twu.ca/ruthleong/2018/01/14/learning-activity-2-5/

Masters’ Thesis

Leong, H. G. “Her sensibility was potent enough!” : Theatricality, moral philosophy, and the feminine ideal in sense and sensibility (Masters’ thesis). Retrieved from UBC Library.

Online Newspaper Article

Denette, N. (2017, November 18). Ontario legislature in session this weekend to try to end college teachers’ strike. The Globe and Mail. Retrieved from https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/education/ontario-legislature-in-session-this-weekend-to-try-to-end-college-teachers-strike/article37023720/

 

Original assignment post found here. 

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Learning Activity 3.1

The article that I will summarize is The role of self-regulated learning in students’ success in flipped undergraduate math courses by Ziru Suna, Kui Xiebc, and Lynley H. Andermanb. This is the article that I found for Learning Activity 2.3 last week. Here is a link to the article: click here.

Here is the PDF of my summary of the article: Learning Activity 3.1

Original assignment post found here. 

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