Response-Unit 6

Response-Unit 6

 

Unit 6 Learning Activities

In response to Joshua Linkletter’ discussion question: Is there a way to combine quantitative and qualitative research studies that would add value to one’s research?

Plano-Clerk & Creswell (2015) stated: “many of today’s research problem calls for both explanation and exploration” (p.381).

Thinking of using a combination of qualitative and quantitative data can improve an evaluation by ensuring that the strengths of another balance the limitations of one type of data. Therefore, providing that understanding enhanced by integrating different ways of knowing. Evaluation of invested both quantitative data (numbers) and qualitative data (text, images) disclose to the importance of planning how these will be combined. I believe its an approach to specific extent solving a problem and answer your research question.

Reference

Plano-Clark, V., & Creswell, J. (2015). Understanding research: A consumer’s guide (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.

Learning activity 6.3-Unit 6

Learning activity 6.3-Unit 6

Unit 6 Learning Activities

 

Russell, E. J., Maxfield, R. J., & Russell, J. L. (2017). Discovering the self-interest of servant leadership: A grounded theory. Servant Leadership: Theory and Practice, 4(1), 75-97.

 

Was the analysis process used rigorous qualitative procedures?

Russell et al., (2017) analyzed the qualitative data by hand, which required reading through the data and write notes and memos, then exploring the data as they indicated by “reading” and “rereading” as they explored the data, they also color-coded the different attributes. They used multiple stages of coding to note the relationships, then merged them to form selection for their themes. According to Plano-Clerk & Creswell (2017), they didn’t use “verbatim” as part of data preparation (p.357). Since they used open-ended questions as part of a questionnaire which considered one type of the interview process for the researchers to use (Plano-Clerk & Creswell, 2017, p.338), I believe its crucial to the precise extent.

Rate 2

 

Did the researcher(s) use at least three strategies to validate the findings?

Russell et al., 2017) used one of the strategies; the triangulation of data sources from multiple participants, and had another researcher perform an analysis for comparison (p.85). In Plano-Clerk & Creswell (2015) stated the four forms that frequently reported; Bracketing, Triangulation, member checking, auditing (p.364).

Rate 2

Did the findings include a good description of the people, places, or events in the study?

Russell et al., (2017) considered for-profit sectors, location, participants’ organizational position, gender, and age. They included the participants of the study in table 2 to show the organizational position of each participant and their for-profit sector. They included participants quotes and to the specific extent has some action words, which brings the description to life.

Rate 2

 

Did the findings include appropriate themes about the central phenomenon?

There are seven themes reported in two attributes; the theme conveys the essential ideas about the central phenomenon. They included the theoretical finding with attributes and themes in table 3; also they provided participants quotes as evidence of their experiences (Russell et al., 2017, p.87). It was no sub-theme included.

Rate 2

Did the findings provide a good exploration of the central phenomenon?

The researchers report the relationships among the theme in the form of attributes that formed the theoretical findings. They were “validation as a leader and freedom from management.” They convey these relationships in table 3 (Russell et al., 2017, p.87), which emerged from the writings of 14 participants and appears to demonstrate “how the self-interest of a leader benefits by serving followers” (Russell et al., 2017, p.92).

Rate 3

Did the data analysis represent a good qualitative process?

The data analysis was an inductive, interpretive and dynamic process presented through open-ended questions to coding the data and refining these codes to explicit the findings and form them as a theme. They reveal credible results to answer the study’s research question, despite the limitations which considered part of the systematic review.

Rate 3

Did the findings provide a good exploration of the central phenomenon?

In all parts, the findings provide rich and detailed information that answers the study’s research question.

Rate3

Quality rating

0=Poor

1= Fair

2= Good

3= Excellent

Overall quality

0-10= Low quality

11-16=Average quality

17-21= High quality

Total score=21

My overall assessment=17

Reference

Plano-Clark, V., & Creswell, J. (2015). Understanding research: A consumer’s guide (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.

 

Learning activity 6.4-Unit 6

 

Learning activity 6.4-Unit 6

Unit 6 Learning Activities

 

As a consumer of research reports, the most important thing(s) for me in the methods and results section of a high-quality qualitative research report is/are . . .

 

In qualitative research, participants are the key to explore the central phenomenon; therefore it’s essential to identify the participants and the site purposefully to best suit qualitative research.  Selecting specific strategies to guide the purposeful sampling, and the small number of site and participants to present the complexity of the site and the information provided by participants to help researchers answer the research question (Plano-Clerk & Creswell, 2015, p.330,332,335).

A rigorous research design shows all elements of the study fit together logically and coherently and help consumers understand the study. Understanding the how to critique the study is significant in quantitative and qualitative research. The purpose of choosing the procedures is crucial in qualitative research; hence, it’s necessary for interaction to answer the research question.

Method of collection informs the consumer and conveys the details of data analysis process, knowing the qualitative data analysis is Inductive, interpretive, simultaneous, and iterative may return to consumer more information to the gap in their exploratory research. The interaction in the data analysis process plays a dynamic role and defines the theme, therefore lead to emerged theory.

Finally, validating findings to ensure the accuracy and credibility of the findings and triangulation is a sign in a notion of finding evidence to support the theme, therefore, providing a good exploration of the central phenomenon.

 

Question

Considering saturation point and systematic review, does the limitations in a qualitative research influence the consumer in the way of how they evaluate the research report?

 

 

Learning activity 6.2-Unit 6

Learning activity 6.2-Unit 6

 

Unit 6 Learning Activities

Russell, E. J., Maxfield, R. J., & Russell, J. L. (2017). Discovering the self-interest of servant leadership: A grounded theory. Servant Leadership: Theory and Practice, 4(1), 75-97.

What sampling strategy is used and is it appropriate and justified?

Russell, E. J., Maxfield, R. J., & Russell, J. L. (2017) selected theory sampling as a good purposeful sampling strategy, they were “14 senior level leaders from multiple for-profit organizations headquartered in the Western United States” (p.84). The justification for this choice was clearly to elicit theoretical discovery involving data and analysis from pre-selected specific experts (Russell et al., 2017, p.85). They relied on data saturation to determine the sample size. The participants accessed the questionnaire anonymously through an online database; these questions were open-ended questions which an example of data type under interview category (Plano-Clark & Creswell, 2017, p.338).

Rate 3

Is the sample size appropriate?

According to Plano-Clerk &Creswell, 2017, p.336), “There are no strict rules for sample size in qualitative research,” however they included a guideline in grounded theory study. Therefore, they chose a decent number to conduct the study; saturation point reached when no longer learning new information. The 14 participants selected from several organizational positions in the For-profit sector, which represent a pre-selected expert which will help researcher forming the theoretical findings.

Rate 2

Is the data collected appropriately? Do the data types are appropriate and gathered using rigorous qualitative procedures?

The researchers used an open-ended question to learn about participants experience and perspectives. “The script avoided key terms and language that could compel participants to answer questions in a specific way to avoid researcher bias” (Russell et al., 2017, p.84). They also included specific script about areas of focus and sources. “The pilot study allowed the researchers to edit and refine the questions to develop a rich and meaningful script for the actual research study” (Russell et al., 2017, p.85).

Rate 4

Are the data gathered ethically and thoughtfully?

The researchers removed any personal identifiers, which was a step taken by researchers to protect participants anonymity. “The researchers triangulated data sources from multiple participants and had another researcher perform an analysis for comparison, and presented the data in-depth, rich descriptions in the results section” (Russell et al., 2017, p.85). The researchers also obtained permission from their University Institutional Review Board to conduct this study and the pilot study. The participation in the study was voluntary and took less than 30 minutes.

Rate 3

Were the selected participants information-rich?

The site and participants fit the study purpose. The participants provided rich information that formed the theoretical findings.

Rate 3

Was the database providing extensive and credible information about the central phenomenon?

The multiple types of open-ended questions were explicit and related to the central phenomenon and the study of intents; therefore the participation in the study was voluntary and took less than 30 minutes to complete.

Rate 3

Quality rating

0=Poor

1= Fair

2= Good

3= Excellent

Overall quality

0-10= Low quality

11-16=Average quality

17-21= High quality

Total score=21

My overall assessment=17

Reference

Plano-Clark, V., & Creswell, J. (2015). Understanding research: A consumer’s guide (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.

 

Learning activity 6.1-Unit 6

 

Learning activity 6.1-Unit 6

Unit 6 Learning Activities

Russell, E. J., Maxfield, R. J., & Russell, J. L. (2017). Discovering the self-interest of servant leadership: A grounded theory. Servant Leadership: Theory and Practice, 4(1), 75-97.

What research design was used to guide the study? Was it justified? The choice of the research design is appropriate and justified?

Russell, E. J., Maxfield, R. J., & Russell, J. L. (2017) used the qualitative grounded theory research design in purpose to “discover how senior-level leaders perceived personal benefits derived from serving the needs of their followers.” (Russell et al., 2017, p.75); also built upon conceptual work of Russell (2016), who argued the existence of an ongoing tangible and intangible benefit cycle between the leader and follower. A thorough review of literature served as a foundation for this qualitative research to emerge to advance the knowledge of servant leadership philosophy and identifying the benefit of being a servant leader.

According to Plano-Clerk & Creswell (2010), explained the grounded theory research as to develop a theory about the process, action, or interaction that found in the experiences and perspectives of the participants (p.297, 298). Russell et al., (2017) involved 14 participants interviewed to discover how different leaders perceived the benefit of serving the others. They considered understanding participants’ interpretation of their new theory. They use terms and citing up-to-date (1943-2016).

Russel et al., (2017) defined grounded theory research design in the methodology section the reason behind is “the design allows for an analysis of data using a constant comparative method” (p.83,84).

Russell et al., (2017) used a type of purposeful sampling known as expert sampling which allows for a theoretical discovery involving data collection and analysis from pre-selected specific experts (Patton, 2002). Also, the saturation point addressed as “No more participants recruited once saturation occurred” (p.85).

Rate 6

Were good qualitative data collection procedures used?

According to Plano-Clerk & Creswell (2015) statement, “The ground theory researcher collected data in the form of interviews” (p.298). The evidence of collecting data was through multiple online questionnaires obtained from leaders from the for-profit organization in western united states. They protect the anonymity of the 14 participants’ age, gender, specific organization, and the information not disclosed (Russell et al., 2017, p.84,85).

Rate 2 (LA 6.1-Unit 6).

Were good qualitative data analysis procedures, qualitative results, and interpretation reported?

According to Plano-Clerk & Creswell (2015), they used multiple stages of coding; overarching open codes which revealed specific relationships resulting in axial codes then converged to selective codes and reaching saturation to explain and relate the core categories that allowed for the study’s theoretical development with attributes (Russell et al., 2017, p.86).

The results presented in words in the article text, they included tables to include specific script areas of focus and sources, participants of the study, and theoretical findings with attributes and themes.

Rate 6 (LA 6.1-Unit 6)

Did the study use a rigorous research design?

All elements of the study fit together logically and coherently. Addressing and reducing the skepticism surrounding servant leadership of one-sided servitude can benefit those who served by the leader. Therefore, two attributes converged from the theory finding were, validation as a leader and freedom from the management which explained how different leaders perceived the benefits from serving followers, thus a rewarding outcome for the organization.

Rate 3

Does the qualitative research design address the study’s purpose?

Russell et al., (2017) findings from the research provide, a rich exploration that fulfills the studies intent and discovers “how senior-level leader from multiple for-profit sectors perceived the benefits derived from serving the needs of the followers” (p.75). Also, revealed a single theoretical finding that advances the understanding of servant leadership philosophy by discovering the benefits to one’s self -interest from being a servant leader (p.93).

Rate 3

Quality rating

0=Poor

1= Fair

2= Good

3= Excellent

Overall quality

0-10= Low quality

11-16=Average quality

17-21= High quality

Total score=21

My overall assessment=20

Reference

Plano-Clark, V., & Creswell, J. (2015). Understanding research: A consumer’s guide (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.