"They will be called oaks of righteousness, a planting of the Lord for the display of His splendour"-Isaiah 61:3

Category: Unit 8

Activity 2-Unit 8

In taking the “Gender-Leader Implicit Association” test in Northouse Chapter 15 and reading through the Catalyst (2016) report for inclusion ideas I recognized that my profession of campus chaplaincy tends to be “female-dominated.” This is reflected in the greater amount of women on my staff team in comparison to men. Currently on the team I co-lead, we have 7 women and 2 men.

My “Gender-Leader Implicit Association” test score was negative, showing that I do not automatically associate favouring males in leadership. This is probably due to being a women who is particularly passionate about developing women in leadership, as well as being in a female-dominated team and profession. In the past, I likely would have been more towards a positive score, due to how I grew up, what I saw in church and society, and what I believed about myself as a woman.

Since my work place is evidently female-dominated, we tend to have a good culture of fostering recognition and a sense of belonging for women. However, there are some areas that could be further improved that the Catalyst report mentioned regarding how employees experience feeling included (Nugent et al., 2016, p. 2). Nugent et al. (2016) state when employees feel included when they experience, “A sense of uniqueness– that they are recognized and valued for their specific attributes and contributions” (p. 2).  One way this could be done in my workplace is the following:

  • Being intentional about publicly recognizing individuals for who they are, their unique gifting/skills, their accomplishments and a job well done.

My team is encouraging to some degree, but I have observed that encouragement does not come as naturally. I would like to create a “culture of encouragement” to help both the female and male team members feel unique, recognized and valued for who they are and their accomplishments/contributions to our team and ministry (Nugent et al., 2016, p. 2).

Nugent et al. (2016), in the Catalyst report mention another important element for inclusion to be experienced which is, “A sense of belonging–that they are welcomed and valued as part of their workgroups and among their colleagues” (p. 2). I see this applying in regards to the part-time moms on my team, as they sometimes struggle with feeling like a part of the team. One way I could apply this is:

  • Intentionally assisting the part-time moms on my team more by hearing out their needs and helping them keep a healthy involvement on the team.

The struggle with this I have found, is sometimes “over-accommodation” for the moms with kids leads to them being distant from the team and not really being or feeling involved. I want to find a way that is still accommodating for the moms, but does not take-away from team-dynamic and their sense of belonging. I want the part-time moms on our team to feel welcomed and valued on the team, as well as contributing and participating (Nugent et al., 2016, p. 2). I think this will ultimately help them feel more included (Nugent et al., 2016, p. 2).

Additionally, I have learned from supervising a mom coming back from maternity leave, how helpful it was to be very clear on what my expectations for her were, due to her reduced work hours, situations of day-care drop-off times, evening event conflicts, etc. I was very impressed and appreciated how this staff member told me directly that she felt that I was expecting the same things of her as the rest of the team.

I think she mostly felt this because a lot of the communication happened in the team setting and I lacked implicitly stating that for her, certain situations were “optional.” She found herself feeling stressed, thinking that I expected the same things from her as the other full-time staff. I learned from this and having this clarifying conversation one-on-one was very helpful. Since then, I have been careful to clearly state my expectations of her specifically.

 

References

Northouse, P.G. (2018). Leadership: theory and practice (8th ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

Nugent, J., Pollack, A. & Travis, D. (2016). The day to day experiences of workplace inclusion and exclusion. Retrieved from http://www.catalyst.org/system/files/the_day_to_day_experiences_of_workplace_inclusion_and_exclusion.pdf

Activity 1-External and Internal Barriers

In Case study 15.1, we are introduced to Lisa Weber (Northouse, 2018, p 417). Lisa has the following distinctions and attributes: high qualifications, quality work ethic, brings in notable profit, is a team player and is well-regarded by colleagues, supervisors and clients. (Northouse, 2018, p 417). On paper, there seem to be no barriers to Lisa’s growth in leadership and/or professionally (Northouse, 2018, pp. 417-418). However, because she is a woman there are two identifiable barriers, that are indicated in this case study.

In regards barriers, author Sheryl Sandberg speaks of them in her book Lean In: Women, Work and the Will to Lead (Sandberg, 2013, Kindle edition, introduction, paragraph 17). Sandberg (2013) states:

In addition to external barriers erected by society, women are hindered by barriers that exist within ourselves. We hold ourselves back in ways both big and small, by lacking self confidence, by not raising our hands, and by pulling back when we should be leaning in. We internalize the negative messages we get throughout our lives–the messages that say it’s wrong to be outspoken, aggressive, more powerful than men (Kindle edition, introduction, paragraph 17).

The external and internal barriers observed in this case study are:

  • External barriers-Her boss (CEO, Michael Breyer) and her firm’s work culture has stereotypical views of women. Related to this is Michael’s fear of others’ opinion if he goes against the perceived societal and firm “norm” (Northouse, 2018, pp. 417-418).
  • Internal barriers-Lisa’s internal struggle of “trying to fit in” and conforming to what she thinks she should be like as a women. She also does not speak up and assert herself when she is due credit (Northouse, 2018, pp. 417-418).

External Barriers

In regards to the external barrier of her boss and the companies’ stereotypical bias, this is evident by her boss, Michael Breyer’s belittling comments of her in front of her peers and partners (Northouse, 2018, p 417). It is also clear in the way that peers and partners, who know her competence and seek her advice, do not stick up for her and publicly praise her. (Northouse, 2018, p 417). Privately, they admire her, as they visit her for advice, but publicly they feel “weird” about it, due to societal bias of women being seen as less valuable in their context. Lastly, this external barrier is clear in the way her less competent male peers are being promoted to partner; but when she mentions it to Michael, he undermines her abilities by suggesting she cannot handle it and that clients and others would not accept it, due to never having had a female partner in the firm (Northouse, 2018, p 417).

This story illustrates a point from Kanter (1977), “not only are the decision makers influenced by the stereotypes that disadvantage women in the leadership role, but also they may succumb to homosocial reproduction, a tendency for a group to reproduce itself in its own image.”

Clearly in this company and in this business, there is Kanter’s (1977), “homosocial reproduction” as for 103 years they have never had a female partner and the decision maker, the CEO, Michael only promotes male leaders propitiating their biased norm (Northouse, 2018, p 417-418). Michael has no intention of changing this “norm” and no perceived understanding for the injustice of his attitude/behaviour and how this marginalizes Lisa (Northouse, 2018, p 417-418).

 Internal Barriers

Sandberg (2013) points out a phenomenon that has been widely researched since the 1970’s called “imposter syndrome” which originated from the work of Pauline Rose Clance and Suzanne Ament Imes in 1978 (Kindle edition, Chapter 2, paragraph 7). This phenomenon is also a struggle for men , however as Sandberg (2013) summarizes,

For women feeling like a fraud is a symptom of a greater problem. We consistently underestimate ourselves. Multiple studies in multiple industries show that women often judge their own performance as worse than it actually is, while men judge their own performance as better than it actually is (Kindle edition, Chapter 2, paragraph 8).

From case study 15.1, there is evidence of Lisa struggling with internal barriers. Being the only woman in the firm, has caused her to prefer to “be considered a team player and one of the boys” (Northouse, 2018, p 417). This behaviour exhibits Sandberg (2013) statement, “Young women internalize societal cues about what defines “appropriate behaviour and, in turn, silence themselves.” (Kindle edition, Chapter 1, paragraph 30) Additionally, Lisa does not openly protest the CEO, Michael tearing her down and she does not take due credit on behalf of all her private meetings where she assists peers and partners. Lisa’s behaviour exhibits what Northouse (2018) states, “Women are no less effective at leading than men, and women are no less committed to their jobs or motivated for leadership roles than men. However, women are less likely to self-promote and negotiate than men” (p. 409).

When Lisa does self-promote, by persistently making her case for partnership to Michael, this proves unfruitful; instead of pushing the matter further by filing a rightful lawsuit, she decides to leave and start her own firm (Northouse, 2018, p. 418).

This case study reveals what Margaret Atwood once stated, “We still think of a powerful man as a born leader and a powerful woman as an anomaly” (As quoted in Northouse, 2018, p. 404). Lisa, was an “anomaly”, an exception to the rule, but even with her shining example of female leadership, her presence still failed to change the overwhelming prejudice and bias towards women present in society, her firm and her CEO, Michael and her fellow colleagues.

Question:  Why do you think is it so hard for women in the workplace to be seen and/or accepted as powerful?

 

Header photo: pexels.com by Ibrahim Boran shared under Pexels (BY) license.

 

References

Clance, P.R. and Imes S.A. “The Imposter Phenomenon in High Achieving Women: Dynamics and Therapeutic Intervention.” Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice 15,  no. 3 (1978): 241-47.

Kanter, R. (1977). Men and women of the corporation. New York, NY: Basic Books.

Northouse, P.G. (2018). Leadership: theory and practice (8th ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

Sandberg, S. (2013). Lean in: Women, work, and the will to lead. [Kindle version]. Retrieved from Amazon.ca.

Light from Many Lamps-“Living for the Day”

Sir William Osler stated, “Live for the day only, and for the day’s work…the chief worries of life arise from the foolish habit of looking before and after” (Watson, 1951, p. 214).

I agree that living for “the day only and the day’s work” is incredibly important in leadership (Watson, 1951, p. 214). There is a verse in the Bible, Matthew 6:34 that states something similar,

“Therefore, do not be anxious about tomorrow, for tomorrow will be anxious for itself. Sufficient for the day is its own trouble” (ESV).

This verse brings me comfort and peace when my mind races ahead and worries about things I have no control over. Anxiety is something I am prone to, but lately have experienced a lot of freedom from it, thanks to God teaching me a lot through difficult circumstances. Occasionally, anxiety still rears its ugly head and that is usually when I am trying to “take control” of things again and not trusting God with something.

One thing I would disagree with Osler on is how far he takes this lesson, especially when he used the metaphor of the “ocean liner” with students at Yale (Watson, 1951, p. 215). Osler stated,

The way of life that I preach is a habit to be acquired gradually by long and steady repetition. It is the practice of living for the day only, and for the day’s work, living in “day-tight compartments.”…The chief worries of life arise from the foolish habit of looking before and after (Watson, 1951, p. 215).

Though I agree it is effective and wise to live for the “day only”, for both productivity and peace of mind; one thing I have discovered as a leader, is if you do not look ahead and plan accordingly, you suffer the consequences of poor planning (Watson, 1951, pp. 215). Especially in my context of student ministry, I have to be intentional with my time and plan an overall rough semester outline. This outline helps me to make the most of my time doing ministry, since the semesters are so short.

Going through ministry or any job, with no bigger aim, vision or clear path, will leave you wandering aimlessly and frustrated. Therefore, though I agree in part with Osler’s “way of life”, I would say it is also important to think ahead with vision, purpose and mission in order to make the most of the time you have in each day (Watson, 1951, pp. 215-216). This becomes especially important when you have either assignment and/or work deadlines, as losing that bigger perspective could be foolish and lead to unnecessary stress.

One final thought about Osler, stated by Watson (1951) is,

Though he himself is gone, his “way of life” remains a vital influence, helping people do their day’s work in confidence, without letting the mistakes of the past paralyze the efforts of today…without letting needless anxieties about the future waste their energies or destroy their peace of mind (p. 217).

What stand out to me is the statement, “without letting the mistakes of the past paralyze the efforts of today” (Watson, 1951, p. 217). However, to sharpen it, I would emphasize that “compartmentalizing”, which seemed to be Osler’s way as he often talked of “compartments” on the “ocean-liner”, will never help you deal with hard experiences that happened or mistakes you made (Watson, 1951, pp. 215-217). Eventually those difficulties from the past will catch up with you, “paralyze you” and then you have to deal with them (Watson, 1951, p. 217).

Additionally, sometimes the day will require us to focus on things from the past, because a past experience needs to be emotionally and/or spiritually processed. As a leader, processing emotion from past, present or future situations is not a waste of time; it is a way that we can help our “future selves” to not be “paralyzed” by trauma, fears and repercussions of the things we have faced in the past (Watson, 1951, pp. 217). Being a leader who is gaining freedom from past baggage, is the best and most effective way to lead, as it will help us lead better in the present and into the future.

Question: What do you think of Sir William Osler’s “way of life” on pp. 214-219 ? Do you fully agree? Disagree? 

Would love to hear your thoughts!

Monica

 

Header photo: pexels.com by Pixabay shared under Pexels (BY) license.

References

Watson, L.E. (1951). Light from Many Lamps. New York: Simon and Schuster.

Women in Pastoral Leadership-Introducing “D”

A Snapshot of D’s Story

I had the privilege of interviewing “D” this last week. D is an associate pastor at a non-denominational church in Vancouver. It was wonderful getting to know her and hearing her story of how she became ordained as a minister.

D, started her career as a structural engineer and did consulting for 6.5 years. She was very involved in her church, but the idea of becoming a pastor never crossed her mind. D (November 8, 2018) stated, “I never thought it was possible and did not see examples of women pastors”(telephone interview). She observed women taking the role of “Children’s Pastor”, but she did not feel gifted in children’s ministry.

Over time she grew dissatisfied with her career in engineering and God was growing in her a burden and passion for the Church. She explored the possibility of pursuing pastoral ministry and asked her church denomination, pastors, friends, professors etc. what they thought. She discovered a whole range of answers and even faced a situation where a male friend of hers and herself met with an elder to request a pastoral reference for seminary. The elder later confirmed that the pastor would give a reference to the male friend, but not to D. When her male friend asked the elder why the pastor was not giving D a reference, the pastor had reportedly said, “She is a woman and it would be too hard for her” (D, telephone interview, November 8, 2018).

Subsequently, a lot of of conflict happened in her local church and she saw the consequences of an unhealthy pastor. This experience resulted in D distancing herself from her church and eventually changing churches. Additionally, with everything that happened in her church she experienced a “crisis of faith.” D (November 8, 2018) honestly stated, “I realized I couldn’t walk away from Jesus and if I can’t walk away from Jesus, than I can’t walk away from the Church” (telephone interview).

God eventually led her to pursue full-time ministry as a career and she started studying at Regent College full-time. She was not sure where in ministry she wanted to serve and was leaning towards non-profit or campus ministry, but the possibility of pastoring kept occurring to her. She had some deep reservations about pastoring, as she had seen and experienced the effects of an unhealthy pastor. She also recognized how difficult it would be as a woman and was still unsure where she landed theologically on it. Through studying at Regent, she took time to really explore her theological stance on the issue.

In the end, due to God affirming His calling on her life to be a pastor, others affirming and encouraging that gifting, and having a personal resolve to pursue pastoral ministry; she took a step of faith to become an “Associate Pastor” in a non-denominational church in Vancouver and was later ordained by them.

Meeting D online and hearing her story was very inspiring for me as a woman in Christian ministry. Though I work in a para-church organization, I feel a calling to do church planting eventually and also like D had ruled out pastoring, as it seemed too difficult. In the last six months, God has been bringing pastoring more to mind and so I am not sure if He is leading me in this direction, but lately I have not ruled it out, as I did previously.

Below I will summarize D’s responses to the questions posed in this assignment:

What is the greatest challenge you have faced or are facing as a woman in leadership?

D’s greatest challenge as a woman in pastoral leadership, was overcoming her own personal feelings of anxiety about her calling into ministry. As she had never heard or seen women being called into pastoral ministry, she lacked confidence. Also, since different Christian denominations hold different positions on women being ordained as pastors, she did not know if the church or other Christians would accept her. However, God’s call on on her life and the affirmation of others helped her overcome her own personal anxiety.

D said she has experienced microaggressions and two instances of direct opposition, however she found it surprising how little direct opposition she has encountered. She also stated she has a great church who supports her, so it is a safe place for her to live out her calling.

When she is amongst other ministers and pastors, there is a certain unknown as to what other male pastors think of her, as she is one of the very few female pastors. She mentioned at times she has been surprised by the amount of encouragement she has received from other male pastors. Surprisingly, the most direct oppositions she has received were from two other women, both American, but it also ended up leading to good conversations.

What is something that you do that helps you to meet or deal with this challenge?

When I asked D this question, her first response was, “I’ve gotten used to it” (D, telephone interview, November 8, 2018). I admire her resilience and strength in that statement. However, to be honest, the statement also saddened me to think that women have to continually face these kind of situations and just “deal with it” and continually overcome barriers.

She said that dealing with this challenge requires a lot of prayer and a focus on nurturing her own relationship with God. She also mentioned how talking to older women in ministry or women with more life experience is important; since they have fought these battles long before she has.

Lastly, she mentioned the process of her ordination was helpful in confirming her calling. She was officially ordained in the past year by her church and it really reaffirmed her sense of calling. She also felt it was special because it was the first time her church had ever ordained anyone!

Do you have any other advice or encouragement for women in leadership?

D’s advice for women in ministry leadership was the following:

  • Explore and figure out your own theological position on women in the church/ministry and the basis for it in the Bible.
  • Seek the support of others who are like you, so you do not feel alone–D went and found other women in Vancouver who were pastoring and created a support group.
  • Be active in building a support system/network–mentors, friends, other people building you up and pouring into you.

Personally, I went away from D’s story feeling both inspired and saddened. Inspired by D and her resilience and how she followed God’s call. However, I was saddened to hear some of the stories and instances of prejudice and opposition she faced; just because she was a woman and pursuing God’s calling for her life.

Christians are resolved to follow Jesus in all we do and so here is my question to Christians about women in the church:

Is the mission of Jesus, to “keep women in their place” in church and God’s mission? Or could we be limiting God’s mission, by limiting women?

Every instance I saw of Jesus in scripture, in the setting of a patriarchal society, showed that He loved, empowered and gave women a voice. He bestowed dignity and authority on women in incredible ways, making Mary Magdalene the first evangelist, meaning that she was the first preacher of the gospel. Jesus appeared to her first, after he was crucified and came back to life, and told her to go tell the disciples that he was risen from the dead; to go tell them the good news! This is one of many instances, where Jesus gave women authority, leadership and a voice. In a deeply patriarchal society, Jesus brought a new way, so now in the new freedoms and rights women in the 21st century have, is this the church’s attempt to be counter-cultural by keeping women in certain roles or is this Biblical?

My suggestion for others and my personal aim for my “Capstone Project” is to do research of experiences of women in ministry/church and see if there is any damage being done and if so, how extensive is it? Not just damage to women, but damage to the mission of the church.

Are we hindering the mission of the church by limiting God’s work in women’s lives?

 

Header photo: pexels.com by Snapwire shared under Pexels (BY) license.

References

“D”. (2018, November 8). Telephone interview.

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